A Champion Through Troubled Times: George Kelly and Irish Boxing History Part 2.
A Champion Through Troubled Times: George Kelly and Irish Boxing History Part 2.
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| George Kelly Courtesy of Myles Kelly |
Kelly Turns Professional
Although popular with working-class fans who frequented the amateur shows, Kelly probably felt that he could go no further with the amateur game In December of 1928 he entered the prize ring and received what one critic described as a ‘professional baptism’ at Derry’s Opera House. His opponent was Ned ’Kid’ Caulfield (later described as bantam champion of Ireland). The referee on that occasion was Tommy Milligan who had fought the great Mickey Walker the year previous,
During the first three rounds, Kelly looked pitifully beaten, and returned to his corner with blood dripping from his nose. However in the fourth round he emerged with new vigour, and promptly evened the score. The result of this was a draw. After this, he faced Jack Mack, who was making his debut at the Ulster Hall. Kelly punished Mack terribly. During the first round he had the Ulster man down seven times. In the next round, six times, Mack was counted out in the third round. He never fought professionally again.
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| Irish Featherweight Champion Frank McAloran |
Kelly beat Gunboat Smith and Al Kenny, and secured a draw against the tough veteran Harold Rachford also at the Ulster Hall in Belfast. After gaining a decision over Charles McMillan at Queen Street Stadium, he returned again to the Ulster Hall to face Frank McAloran for the vacant Boxing Union of Ireland Irish Featherweight title.
On this particular occasion, Kelly fought cleverly and boxed well. However, the Belfast boy landed more frequently with body shots including a crushing right to Kelly’s ribs. McAloran did not give Kelly a minute’s peace, yet the Dubliner fought back with determination. The eight round, however, was decisive in determining a winner. Kelly ducked under a right uppercut, only to be slammed by a brutal body shot that dropped him. He was then carried out of the ring.
Nevertheless, he had given it his best shot, and showed himself to be a champion in the making. He returned to Dublin, where he boxed at the Rotunda’s Round-room and Queens theatre, scoring wins over such men as Nash (Young) Shakespeare, Jim McCleery and Gunboat Smith (Kelly beat Smith a Belfast fighter on three occasions between 1929 and 30).
Adapting to the Professional Ranks
During his first bout with Gunboat Smith, it was quite possible that he was still adjusting to the professional sport. His style, at this time, was described as highly unorthodox, and he relied on open-glove slapping in addition to clean punches. His deliveries could be wild too, and particularly during the closing rounds of a contest. And while he lacked knockout power, observers noted that he made up for this through tactical fighting, and was both slippery and fast.
His boxing style was perhaps more sophisticated by the end of 1929. For example, in a rematch with Gunboat Smith in 1930, he injected, what was then described as,’ rare vigour’ into his body punches and outboxed his man at every turn. He had improved, but sometimes reverted to this unorthodox style. That said it became more refined in time. His lively form of boxing is arguably what secured so many followers. For, regardless of the result, it would be fair to say, by the closing bell of a contest win, loss, or draw, his bouts were thrilling affairs.
Making a Name for Himself
George Kelly is always a favourite with the Dublin Crowd
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| Packy McFarland |
A boxer’s earnings in this era hinged largely on the level of public interest which could be generated. For this purpose, the press are valuable allies. Yet, Kelly’s fame began on street corners and in the tenement rooms of Dublin’s northside. His rising popularity owes much to the local tradition of word of mouth. And word spread fast. The Press had soon dubbed him ‘the idol of the Dublin fans’ for he had captured the hearts of working-class Dubliners.
A big contest was set for Tolka Park in 1929. The main event pitted Kelly against Packy McFarland, the one-time star from St Andrew’s BC south of the River Liffey. He was a very durable fighter who was described as not pretty to watch but with great propensity for infighting. He built his reputation in London, with a number of recent wins at London’s National Sporting Club, including over Dick Corbett. He also defeated Gonzalez, the Spanish champion in a ‘hurricane fight’ in front of 7.000 spectators in Clapton.
In the coming weeks, it was observed that McFarland and Kelly were undergoing rigorous training, and a hard-fought bout was widely anticipated. Many also expected the contest to be extremely close.
On entering the ring at Tolka Park it was evident that Kelly needed little introduction, and was cheered wildly by devoted fans. The fight started out as a thriller, with both men giving it their all. Kelly, however, was disqualified by the referee Jim Roche, the former heavyweight champion of Ireland. The man who had fought Tommy Burns at the Theatre Royal back in 1908. It is not clear what the foul was, but Kelly was certainly frustrated at his disqualification, yet, the fight had kept the fans excited.
Shortly after the Wall Street Crash of 1929, Kelly defeated Sonny Chappell and Bob Bell. He later faced Len “Tiger” Smith, the Birmingham Champion, at a charity event supporting Dublin’s Rotunda Hospital.
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| Len Tiger Smith |
This contest was marred by holding. Kelly it was said put in some good work at distance and he made his man miss in the closing rounds. Smith, however, hammered away relentlessly and the verdict for Kelly was narrow, and was remarkably unpopular with the home crowd.
Kelly scored some more wins including one over Tommy Kenny before sportsman Mr. Jack McFarland, who did much to keep boxing alive in the city, organised a rematch with Tiger Smith at the Rotunda’s Round-Room. Smith said he had come to reverse the previous decision. Kelly remarked that he was ‘as fit as a fiddle’ and despite the long duration of this bout he was pretty confident of the win. This time Kelly did the job decisively.
Kelly opened 1930 with a bout against Scotland’s Jim McQuade. Although Kelly worked the early rounds, the Glasgow fighter, however, gradually found his range and settled into a steady rhythm. In the fourth round, for example, McQuade connected with a solid right to Kelly’s head. In the next round, during a great rally by Kelly, which occurred in the centre of the ring, he missed badly and took severe punishment. In the latter rounds, Kelly went up another gear. The fight concluded with both men slogging it out in the centre of the ring. Kelly it was said fought like a tiger to secure the draw.
His next contest was against Jim Birch who spent the later part of the opening rounds covering up. Kelly, it was said, exhausted a lot of energy through wild unscientific slapping. The best punch delivered during the fight, however, was a hard right to the stomach, by Kelly, that dropped the Barnsley lad for a count of six. After this, he beat Jim Learoyd and Bob Bell, once more, before subduing Ned 'Kid' Caulfield who he fought on his professional debut.
He conceded half a stone to fight Glasgow’s Phil Malloy at Dunmore Stadium, Belfast. It was a tough 10-round affair that initially favoured Molloy. Kelly, however, showed distinct improvement in fifth and sixth. But, it was too little too late. Kelly took a break from boxing, but was back in the ring in the new year’s where he defeated Paddy Jones, who did most of his boxing out of Merseyside, at Belfast.
Kelly was seeking revenge on Scotland’s Phil Molloy. A rematch was agreed on the undercard of Jack McAvoy vs Jack O’Brien in Kelly’s backyard, Tolka Park in July of 1931. Also on the undercard was Packy McFarland who hoped to beat Kid Socks of London who had beaten him in a previous meeting.
By this time, McFarland was managed by the well-known London coach Mr. Fred Dyer. He was born in Cardiff, the son of a Dublin man, who hoped to bring an Irish boxer to America for ‘Irish boxers are the biggest draw in the states.’ This colourful character was sometimes known as the singing boxer for he had spent four years in America where he devoted some of his time to entertaining wounded troops through singing and boxing under the auspices of the Knights of Columbus. The boys had their revenge at Tolka Park.
Kelly won his next six fights including two against Al Kenny, at Mallin Hall. He had beaten Kenny before at St. Mary’s Hall in Belfast. Their Dublin head-to-head was notable in that the renowned referee Eugene Corri, who was the first man to referee inside the ring on this side of the Atlantic, was third man in the ring.
By this time, Éamon. De Valera's Fianna Fà il Party formed a government with the Labour Party. This ushered in an economic war with Britain. In particular there was a refusal to pay land annuities. Arguing that, 'it was against natural Justice to have the Irish people pay for land that should have been their anyway.' Things were tight for the working classes. But, they remained true to boxing as a form escapism.
At this time, Kelly was featured on the undercard of the George Wallis vs. George Gordon contest at Dalymount against Billy Quillian, who held the Welsh Area Light as well as contesting the British light title.
The Giant at Dalymount Park
This event featured the big Italian Primo Carnera who had come to put on a boxing exhibition at Dalymount. The event had been organised by Jim Rice, who first promoted boxing in the city since 1926, when Bartley Madden faced New Zealand’s Tom Heeney.
The number of spectators varies. The expected crowd was 30. 000 people. A crowd of 5,000 according to The Irish Press came to catch a glimpse of the Italian giant. Other sources said 10,000 spectators of both sexes. It was a busy time in the city in general as it was being transformed for the coming Eucharistic Congress. A tower, for example, was being constructed on College Green and local businesses as well as tenement dwellers were painting and cleaning their areas.
On that evening, the Italian, who was coming off the loss to the heavyweight champion of Canada and the British Empire and was yet to capture the world title, handled his sparring partners in a friendly fashion and gave fine demonstrations of physical culture. Yet, it was George Kelly and Billy Quinlan the Welsh lightweight champion who put on a real scrap. The most exciting engagement of that night with, ‘toe to toe slogging throughout, which the crowd apparently ‘thoroughly enjoyed’
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| Belfast Promoter Jim Rice |
Afterwards came a hard-fought clash and rematch with the tough Belfast boy Jack Garland, who represented Great Britain at the 1928 Summer Olympics, and held the Boxing Union of Ireland Irish Featherweight title. They met in Garland’s hometown. This bout ended in a hard-earned draw. However, their subsequent rematch resulted in a win for Kelly. It was a tense time in Belfast as workers' protests, both Catholic and Protestant, had been fired on by the police. Nevertheless, Kelly returned to the Ulster Hall where he defeated Nobby Baker, who had fought for the light weight and Welsh Area lightweight titles. He also scored a win over Billy Gilmore at The Ring.
With good yet mixed results up North Kelly headed for Lancashire with a sharp win over Billy Hugman. He had not abandoned his Dublin base, however, and the results of his fights across the sea could be obtained from British newspapers, though British papers were very expensive at this time, as a tax on foreign newspapers, and particularly what moralists described as ‘the English gutter press’ made them too expensive for many people.
Revisiting Belfast, yet again, he notched two more victories before stepping back into the ring with the renowned Billy Gilmore once more. This time, however, for the Boxing Union of Ireland Irish Lightweight title, held at Tolka Park in 1934. Gilmore had recently beaten Jackie Flynn, and Ernie Ezzard, who had given Kid Berg trouble. In his 200 contests, in fact, Gilmore had never taken the count. That evening the famed referee Eugene Corri was again in the ring.[1]
Gilmore’s eight-year reign ended that June at Tolka Park after what was a gruelling contest. Kelly fought aggressively. The Irish Press noted that his tear away tactics had won him the fight. After Gilmore, he faced Billy Grannelly. In the bout he boxed wildly, wrestled, and slapped throughout in what was described as an aggravated fashion. Grannelly applied a snappy left to secure the win. Billy Smith twice
After beating Mick McCullagh at Wexford he faced Mossy Condron, the latest protégée of Irish-American boxer promoter Gerald D. Egan, at Dalymount Park. On the undercard of Freddy Miller, featherweight champion of the world against Stan Jehn.
Kelly fought the heavier Condron to a standstill opening a nasty cut over his eye. He then took a very short break; he had a rematch with Billy Smith in August of 1935.
Although absent from the ring for a time (less than a month) noted The Irish Press he defeated Billy Smith on points.
Kelly had secured the championship, but there was no rest to be had as, a week later, he was in the flame of battle against Eddie Jones of Newcastle. This was a fast-paced action event, and the two mixed it freely. Jones was game but Kelly’s vast experience showed through. 1936. He also fought Sol Severns, the London Jewish lightweight, at the Rotunda. The crowd was ever excited by Kelly, a man who’, ‘likes to fight and this is what the crowd likes too.’ It was noted after that Kelly gave his usual ‘tear-away display ‘and had Sol down for the count in the sixth and seventh round.
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| Influential Irish-American Boxing Promoter Gerald D. Egan |
negotiations with Mr Goldstein for a title fight. He may also have boxed at
City Hall, Cork in November of 1936. The venue was so packed, it was noted,
that Kelly and Mossy Condron had to fight their way in. Whatever the case, he
was not boxing professionally as much as he had in the previous year. Instead,
he was gearing up for the amateur boxing finals in Dublin. He had not forsaken
his working-class Dublin roots, and early that year he was busy training young
fighters at the new Unity Boxing Club on Marlborough Street. He was also a
Hall Kelly alongside Seamus Fenning all Ireland billiards and snooker champion
and world record holder, T. F Quinn the Irish Road and sprint champion, all
were awarded with gifts. On that occasion Kelly was presented with the Jim
Murphy Championship Belt. In attendance was the immortalised Irish trade
unionist Jim Larkin, as well as Jim Young (the ex-middle weight champion of
Ireland)
At this time, Kelly was considering hanging up his gloves. In May of 1936, however, Gerald D. Egan was contemplating a rematch between Condon and Kelly for the Irish welterweight title. It is quite possible that Egan, who now managed Kelly and Condron, had convinced Kelly to keep lacing up his gloves. Egan, who had favourable connections with promoters in New York, wanted to strengthen Ireland ‘s professional game, by building a professional sports venue, by calling for a decrease in taxes on spotting events, making several Irish world champions, and securing an Irish Boxing Board of Control.
Kelly's old South City boxing rival Packy McFarland had remained in England and only travelled to Belfast to face Billy Armour.
By 1936 McFarland had hung up his gloves. His behaviour had changed, and the mild-mannered Dubliner was acting erratic. In 1930 he had gone missing the night of a fight but later turned up at his parents in Dublin. This was recorded as a lapse in memory. He returned to the ring nonetheless, and in 1932 fighting Ken Sheppard, the American Coloured boxer McFarland heard Sheppard saying he could not see and stepped away from his opponent. This act depicts McFarland as a moral individual. However, by 1936 it was recorded that, at Mrs Mary McFarland shop in N. Frederick Street, he had assaulted his father, mother and sister and had broken a bond not to infer with his parents. By the next year he was back in London training with Sonny Jones the coloured Canadian welterweight.
He wanted to return to Ireland to fight Jack Linehan and get a shot at George Kelly for the title. Kelly and McFarland had only fought once when Kelly was disqualified. They, however, were matched on a number of occasions including, for example, the Free State Lightweight championship 15 rounds at Tolka Park.
McFarland never entered the sporting pages again. It is possible that McFarland was in the later stages of CTE.
During this period, Kelly spent a good amount of time between Northern Ireland and England. He travelled between Surrey, Kent and London. A place that absorbed countless Irish men who came to find work in the building industry, railways and road construction and maintenance, the chemical and metal industry. They had experienced prejudice in English towns, but Kelly perhaps had a more favourable experience amongst the boxing community, many of which had Irish parentage.
He had a stretch of mixed results while fighting at venues including Mitcham Baths, Holborn Stadium and Cricklewood Sporting Club. He had started off 1937, for example, with a win over Tom Parker and Harry Barnes at Micham Baths, a win over Glan Evens, who had fought for the Welsh Area Light as well as Johnny Sofley at the Devonshire Club in Hackney. He fought Freddy Carr to a draw at Holborn Stadium in 1937. The stadium in which Joe Beckett had fought George Carpentier in 1919.
Just four days later Kelly was overcome by Eric Boom at Hackney (Boon later became lightweight champion of England). This occurred around the time that the Coronation of George VI and Elizabeth were taking place at Westminster Abbey. He finished off his time overseas, with a win over champion boxer Frank Meacham, before returning to Ireland to face Eddie Dunne for the Irish lightweight title.
The Kelly Dunne Fiasco
7000 fans and many fights that were not on the score cards
Eddie Dunne, who was said to be the protégée of Benny Leonard, that famous Jewish boxer ‘the fighting champion who ducked on one.’ and fought a number of tough battles with Belfast born Jimmy McLarnin. Leonard lost a fortune during the Great Depression. He was looking out for a champion who might reverse his financial situation.
Leonard saw something in a former golden gloves champion and sparring partner of Lou Amber and Tony Canzoneri named Eddie Dunne. In building his profile, Dunne was brought back to his home town of Dublin where he might snatch the lightweight title of that country. It would do him no harm in America to have that belt, for Irishness and boxing was intrinsically liked in that country.
Dunne (Skerries and New York) arrived in Dublin in the summer of 1937 and quickly got to work by defeating Pat Burns at Dalymount Park. Kelly had also beaten Pat Burns at Dundalk a few years previous. The Irish-American went into training at the Depot and Kelly at Unity Hall. It is possible that many Dubliners stuck their head in the door of Unity Hall to observe Kelly sparring, ball-punching, throwing the medicine ball or doing other exercises.
In August of that year, Dunne and Kelly met at Dalymount Park. Kelly sank to the floor early in the sixth, and claimed a low blow. Many fans protested that it was a low blow, but some ringsiders and the referee saw it as fairly landed. Kelly was counted out amongst great pandemonium. With 7000 fans screaming and many fights that were not on the score cards.
Dunne by defeating Kelly claimed the title. Though forfeited it by not defending it and remained in America where he mainly fought out of New York, Maryland and later Florida.
Soon after Kelly defeated Belfast’s Patsy Quinn at the Ulster Hall. In their previous bout at Cork Kelly had been forced to retire with a cut eye. He travelled from Belfast to Coleraine to face and defeat Chuck Flanagan before returning to Dublin to see who he was matched with.
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| Benny Leonard |
As it so happens Jock McAvoy the middle weight champion of Great Britain was to face Marcel Lauriot the French title holder at Dublin’s Theatre Royal. On the undercard was a contest between Pancho Martinez, the Cuban lightweight champion and Len Wickwar. Owing to difficulties obtaining a labour licence, however, Martinez could not make the trip. Kelly, always a man ready to fight, stepped in. Kelly, who did well to last the three rounds, was no match for the Leicestershire man. The referee stopped the contest in the third. Kelly lost by technical KO He announced his retirement in November 1936, though his last recorded match was in 1942. At the old Rotunda where he had contested many a contest as both an amateur and professional. His last fight was a win.
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| Len Wickwar |
George Kelly had a lengthy career as a professional, which lasted until 1938 and included national lightweight titles in 1934 and 1935. He fought numerous contests; his name being displayed on several boxing bills in Dublin and other counties. He became Irish amateur champion at featherweight in 1927 and was also recognised as the flyweight champion of Ireland. He competed at featherweight in the Tailteann Games and at the 1928 Olympic Games in Amsterdam. Subsequently, he moved up to lightweight and turned professional at the end of 1928. His professional career lasted until 1942. During which time, he won the Boxing Union of Ireland Irish Lightweight title in both 1934 and 1935. He fought nearly 100 professional bouts in Ireland and Britain, finishing with a record of 54 wins (7 by knockout), 22 losses, and 10 draws.
Jimmy Ingle, European amateur champion, later recalled his third professional fight. The fight of the night on that occasion, noted Ingle, was Kelly vs Tommy Cullen. 'It was a six rounder and they savaged each other like terroirs. Both collapsed on their corner stools at the end of the great fight and full deserved the standing ovation when the referee declared a draw.' Writing in 1984 Ingle noted that Kelly's great battles with Patsy Quinn, Billy Gilmore and Johnny Ward are frequently recalled by those who witnessed them. A fine commendation for this true champion and battler.
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[1] It is generally held that Corri last night as a referee was in 1927. The world title middleweight contest between Mickey ‘The Toy Bulldog’ Walker and Tommy Milligan.
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